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The System of Public and Private Schools in the United States
In the United States, state and local government have primary responsibility for education, that's why the Federal Department of Education plays a role in standards setting and education finance. In such a way, K-12 students have a choice between free tax-funded public schools, or privately-funded private institutions.
Public school systems in the United States are supported by a combination of local, state, and federal government funding. It means that a large portion of school revenues come from local property taxes. Moreover, class size in public schools varies from one district to another. Besides, curriculum decisions are made largely at the local and state levels; the federal government has limited influence. Such type of school is governed by the locally elected school boards which apoint an official called the superintendent of schools. Admission to individual public schools is usually based on residency. It should be mentioned that the largest public school system in the United States is in New York City, where more than one million students are taught in 1,200 separate public schools.
Private schools in the United States embrace parochial schools (affiliated with religious denominations), non-profit independent schools, and for-profit private schools. Moreover, such institutions charge varying rates depending on geographic location.
Furthermore, the private schools have various purposes. Some of them are dedicated to college-bound students looking for a competitive edge in the college admissions process; others are for gifted students, students with learning disabilities or other special needs, or students with specific religious affiliations. Besides, there exist private schools which are related to families seeking a small school, with a nurturing, supportive environment.
This type of schools differs from public ones in such factors:
- often highly selective;
- have no legal obligation to accept any interested student;
- have the ability to permanently expel persistently unruly students;
- offer the advantages of smaller classes;
- cannot offer the services required by students with serious or multiple learning, emotional, or behavioral issues;
- pay lower salaries than public school systems;
- provide high-quality professional development opportunities, including tuition grants for advanced degrees.
Public school systems in the United States are supported by a combination of local, state, and federal government funding. It means that a large portion of school revenues come from local property taxes. Moreover, class size in public schools varies from one district to another. Besides, curriculum decisions are made largely at the local and state levels; the federal government has limited influence. Such type of school is governed by the locally elected school boards which apoint an official called the superintendent of schools. Admission to individual public schools is usually based on residency. It should be mentioned that the largest public school system in the United States is in New York City, where more than one million students are taught in 1,200 separate public schools.
Private schools in the United States embrace parochial schools (affiliated with religious denominations), non-profit independent schools, and for-profit private schools. Moreover, such institutions charge varying rates depending on geographic location.
Furthermore, the private schools have various purposes. Some of them are dedicated to college-bound students looking for a competitive edge in the college admissions process; others are for gifted students, students with learning disabilities or other special needs, or students with specific religious affiliations. Besides, there exist private schools which are related to families seeking a small school, with a nurturing, supportive environment.
This type of schools differs from public ones in such factors:
- often highly selective;
- have no legal obligation to accept any interested student;
- have the ability to permanently expel persistently unruly students;
- offer the advantages of smaller classes;
- cannot offer the services required by students with serious or multiple learning, emotional, or behavioral issues;
- pay lower salaries than public school systems;
- provide high-quality professional development opportunities, including tuition grants for advanced degrees.